Artikel

Zika virus

Zika virus belongs to the Flaviviridae family of viruses which includes Dengue, Yellow Fever, Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses.1 Zika virus is mainly spread by infected mosquitoes, though transmission may also occur through mother-to-child, sexual intercourse and infected donor blood used for transfusions.2

There is evidence linking Zika virus infection to birth defects in fetuses and newborns, and neurological complications in adults.3,4 Based on a systematic review of the scientific literature, in 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) concluded that Zika virus infection during pregnancy may cause congenital brain abnormalities, including microcephaly; in addition, the virus is a trigger of Guillain-Barré syndrome.5 In February 2016, WHO subsequently declared Zika virus infection a public health emergency.6 Today, Zika virus infection remains a significant public health challenge, but is no longer classified as a public health emergency.7

Zika virus can also be transmitted through blood transfusions with contaminated blood.8 Zika virus infection can be devastating for patients with weaker immune systems such as the elderly, or people living with cancer (also people who are more likely to receive a blood transfusion).9 Facilitating accurate detection to reduce the risk of transmission, particularly via contaminated blood, provides patients and healthcare providers with the confidence and reassurance of safe blood transfusions.8

Screening for the Zika virus is a viable emergency preparedness solution for donors who may have been exposed to the tropical disease. The testing of donated blood samples for the Zika virus can be done using approved, commercially available screening assays such as the cobas® Zika test for use on the cobas® 6800/8800 Systems.

References

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Viral hemorrhagic fevers: flaviviridae. Available at:  https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/virus-families/flaviviridae.html [Last accessed June 2017]
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Zika virus. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/zika/about/overview.html 
    [Last accessed March 2022]
  3. Rasmussen SA, Jamieson DJ, Honein MA, et al. Zika virus and birth defects – Reviewing the evidence for causality. NEJM. 2016; 374(20): 1981-1987
  4. Cao-Lormeau VM, Blake A, Mons S, Let al. Guillain-Barré Syndrome outbreak associated with Zika virus infection in French Polynesia: a case-control study. Lancet. 2016 Apr 9;387(10027):1531-1539. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00562-6.
  5. World Health Organization. Zika 10 March 2017. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/zika [Last accessed March 2022]
  6. World Health Organization. IHR Emergency Committees - On-going emergency committees - Zika Virus IHR. Available at: https://www.who.int/teams/ihr/ihr-emergency-committees/zika-virus-disease-ihr-emergency-committee [Last accessed March 2022]
  7. Zika virus: an epidemiological update - 14 April 2017. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/10665-255010
  8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Zika and Blood Transfusion. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/zika/transmission/blood-transfusion.html. Last accessed: February 2018.
  9. Busch M.P. Zika and the safety of the US blood supply. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2016; 14(9): 677.