The first and only MMR immunohistochemisty (IHC) assay FDA approved as an aid in identifying patients eligible for treatment with JEMPERLI (dostarlimab-gxly) and KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) in solid tumors including endometrial carcinoma (EC).
Cancer continues to be a significant societal challenge as the 2nd leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide.1 In the US, approximately 1.9 million new cancer cases were expected to be diagnosed in 2022.1 Of these cases, the vast majority will consist of solid tumors, approximately 14% of which will have been shown to have defects in any of the MMR proteins.2 Multiple studies have demonstrated that MMR deficiency correlate with higher expression of PD-1 or PD-L1, possibly due to the increased neoantigen expression associated with tumor mutation burden that results from replication errors.3,4 Thus, MMR proteins may be useful as predictive biomarkers for PD-1 targeted therapy; specifically, a loss of expression of one or more MMR proteins might predict an increased likelihood of response to such therapy.5,6,7
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About DNA Mismatch Repair (MMR)
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is a conserved molecular mechanism that functions to correct the improper base substitutions that spontaneously occur during DNA replication.8 Defects in the MMR machinery have been attributed to mutations in the MMR proteins, most commonly MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6.
The MLH1 and PMS2 proteins normally function together in a heterodimeric complex, as do the MSH2 and MSH6 proteins. When MMR is functioning normally, the MSH6/MSH2 heterodimer binds to mismatched DNA. This binding induces a conformational change that allows the MLH1/PMS2 heterodimer to bind the DNA-bound MSH6/MSH2 complex, resulting in excision repair of the affected DNA.9,10 Mutations or deficiencies in these proteins result in frequent MSI and somatic mutation due to replication error. MMR immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing can be useful in identifying MMR genes likely to contain germline or a somatic alterations.11
Figure 1: MMR proteins and their interactions with DNA. The MSH2-MSH6 complex recognizes mismatches and insertion/deletion loops. The MLH1-PMS2 complex facilitates excision and repair of the mutant bases(s).
A loss of expression of any of the essential MMR proteins, including MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, or MSH6, in the presence of evaluable internal controls identifies MMR deficiency.
Figure 1: VENTANA anti-MLH1 (M1) Mouse Monoclonal Primary Antibody staining with Intact (left) or Loss (right) of expression in the presence of evaluable internal controls in endometrial carcinoma tissue.
Figure 3: VENTANA anti-MSH2 (GS19-1129) Mouse Monoclonal Primary Antibody staining with Intact (left) or Loss (right) of expression in the presence of evaluable internal controls in endometrial carcinoma tissue.
Figure 2: VENTANA anti-MSH6 (SP93) Rabbit Monoclonal Primary Antibody staining with Intact (left) or Loss (right) of expression in the presence of evaluable internal controls in endometrial carcinoma tissue.
Figure 4: VENTANA anti-PMS2 (A16-4) Rabbit Monoclonal Primary Antibody staining with Intact (left) or Loss (right) of expression in the presence of evaluable internal controls in endometrial carcinoma tissue.
1. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020:70(1):7-30.
2. Lorenzi M, Amonkar M, Zhang J, et. al. Epidemiology of Microsatellite Instability High (MSI-H) and Deficient Mismatch Repair(dMMR)in Solid Tumors: A Structured Literature Review. J. Oncology. 2020; (22):1-17.
3. Yamashita H, Nakayama K, Ishikawa M, et al. Microsatellite instability is a biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitors in endometrial cancer. Oncotarget. 2017:9(5):5652-5664.
4. Xiao X, Dong D, He W, et al. Mismatch repair deficiency is associated with MSI phenotype, increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1 expression in immune cells in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2018;149(1):146-154.
5. Le DT, Durham JN, Smith KN, et al. Mismatch repair deficiency predicts response of solid tumors to PD-1 blockade. Science. 2017;357(6349):409-413.
6. Sloan EA, Ring KL, Willis BC, et al. PD-L1 expression in mismatch repair-deficient endometrial carcinomas, including Lynch syndrome-associated and MLH1 promoter hypermethylated tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 2017;41(3):326-333.
7. Dudley JC, Lin MT, Le DT, et al. Microsatellite instability as a biomarker for PD-1 blockade. Clin Cancer Res. 2016;22(4):813-820.
8. Hsieh P, Yamane K. DNA mismatch repair: Molecular mechanism, cancer, and ageing. Mech Ageing Dev. 2008;129(7-8):391-407.
9. Buza N, Ziai J, Hui P. Mismatch repair deficiency testing in clinical practice. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2016;16(5):591-604.
10. Silva FCC, Torrezan GT, Ferreira JRO, et al. Germline mutations in MLH1 leading to isolated loss of PMS2 expression in Lynch syndrome: implications for diagnostics in the clinic. Am J Surg Pathol. 2017;41(6):861-864.
11. Cunningham JM, Tester DJ, Thibodeau SN. Mutation detection in colorectal cancers: direct sequencing of DNA mismatch repair genes. Methods Mol Med. 2001;50:87-98.
Intended Use
VENTANA MMR RxDx Panel is a qualitative immunohistochemistry test intended for use in the assessment of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2 and MSH6) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues by light microscopy. The OptiView DAB IHC Detection Kit is used for MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6, and the OptiView DAB IHC Detection Kit with the OptiView Amplification Kit is used for PMS2 on a VENTANA BenchMark ULTRA instrument.
VENTANA MMR RxDx Panel includes VENTANA anti-MLH1 (M1) Mouse Monoclonal Primary Antibody, VENTANA anti-PMS2 (A16-4) Mouse Monoclonal Primary Antibody, VENTANA anti-MSH2 (G219-1129) Mouse Monoclonal Primary Antibody and VENTANA anti-MSH6 (SP93) Rabbit Monoclonal Primary Antibody.
VENTANA MMR RxDx Panel is indicated as an aid in identifying patients eligible for treatment with JEMPERLI (dostarlimab-gxly) therapy in Deficient MMR (dMMR) Solid Tumors, including Endometrial Carcinoma (EC), or KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) Deficient MMR (dMMR) Solid Tumors, including Endometrial Carcinoma (EC).
KEYTRUDA® is a registered trademark of Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA. For more information visit https://www.keytruda.com/
MMR status concordance between GARNET study Clinical Trial Assay and VENTANA MMR RxDx Panel for dMMR Solid Tumor (including EC) Population (IU Concordance Population (a))
View Full TableMMR status concordance between GARNET study Clinical Trial Assay and VENTANA MMR RxDx Panel for dMMR Solid Tumor (including EC) Population (IU Concordance Population (a))
| Agreement | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Groups |
Measure(b) |
% (n/N) | 95% CI(c) |
EC |
PPA |
93.2 (68/73) |
(84.9, 97.0) |
NPA |
98.7 (74/75) |
(92.8, 99.8) |
|
OPA |
95.9 (142/148) |
(91.4, 98.1) |
|
Non-EC |
PPA |
83.1 (69/83) |
(73.7, 89.7) |
NPA |
N/E |
N/E |
|
OPA |
N/E |
N/E |
|
dMMR solid tumors |
PPA |
87.8 (137/156) |
(81.8, 92.1) |
NPA |
N/E |
N/E |
|
OPA |
N/E |
N/E |
|
MMR status concordance between KEYNOTE study clinical trial assay and VENTANA MMR RxDx Panel for dMMR solid tumor (including EC) population (IU concordance population).[a]
View Full TableMMR status concordance between KEYNOTE study clinical trial assay and VENTANA MMR RxDx Panel for dMMR solid tumor (including EC) population (IU concordance population).[a]
Agreement
| Groups | Measure(b) | % (n/N) | 95% CI(c) |
| All | PPA | 72 (193/268) | (66.4, -77.0) |
| NPA | 98.5 (656/666) | (97.3, -99.2) | |
| OPA | 90.9 (849/934) | (88.9, -92.6) |
Ordering Information: Ordering codes for VENTANA MMR RxDx Panel
View Full TableOrdering Information: Ordering codes for VENTANA MMR RxDx Panel
| Product name | Catalog number | Ordering Code | Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|
| VENTANA anti-MLH1 (M1) Mouse Monoclonal Primary Antibody | 790-5091 | 07862237001 | 50 tests |
| VENTANA anti-PMS2 (A16-4) Mouse Monoclonal Primary Antibody | 790-5094 | 07862261001 | 50 tests |
| VENTANA anti-MSH2 (G219-1129) Mouse Monoclonal Primary Antibody | 790-5093 | 07862253001 | 50 tests |
| VENTANA anti-MSH6 (SP93) Rabbit Monoclonal Primary Antibody | 790-5092 | 07862245001 | 50 tests |
| OptiView DAB IHC Detection Kit | 760-700 | 06396500001 | 250 tests |
| OptiView Amplification Kit* | 860-099 | 06718663001 | 250 tests |
