Elecsys® BRAHMS Procalcitonin (PCT)

IVD For in vitro diagnostic use.

Immunoassay for the in vitro quantitative determination of PCT (procalcitonin)

 

Decrease unnecessary antibiotics, reduce costs, and improve patient care with Elecsys BRAHMS PCT1,2,3

Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. It can be caused by different microbes, including bacteria, viruses, or fungi, and can manifest differently in different hosts.1

Sepsis causes 6% of US deaths and affects at least 1.7 million adults annually. Each year, it leads to 2.5 million hospital stays with an average length of stay of over 31 days, 350,000 deaths, and an annual cost of over $52B in the US.2-4

 

Gain advanced support for treatment decisions

Clinicians can rely on Elecsys BRAHMS PCT to provide diagnostic clarity to help them avoid unnecessary antiobiotics4-5 when assessing risks and making decisions about: 6

Elecsys BRAHMS Procalcitonin (PCT)

A clear signal to guide antibiotic decision-making

As many as 71% of patients with acute respiratory tract infections are treated with antibiotics, despite a mainly viral cause for these infections.7

A clear signal for antibiotic starts and stops

Source: Schuetz et al. 2018

PCT results are a highly effective tool for antibiotic stewardship, which the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has acknowledged is a key tool for use for combating antibiotic resistance.9

A clear signal when managing critically ill patients with sepsis

As a sensitive and specific biomarker of the inflammatory response to bacterial infection, Elecsys BRAHMS PCT aids clinicians in determining a patient’s risk of progression to sepsis and septic shock.

Rising PCT concentrations indicate a rapid and sustained response to bacterial infection.10

A clear signal when managing critically ill patients with sepsis

Would you like to know more about the Elecsys® BRAHMS Procalcitonin (PCT) assay?

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Understanding PCT Kinetics

When a bacterial infection occurs, toll-like receptors flag the presence of microbial toxins. Inflammatory cytokines, such as Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß), Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin 6 (IL6), are simultaneously secreted from the cell. Signaling pathways then stimulate PCT transcription, typically over three to six hours.11-12

If the pathogen is not contained, infection spreads and the body up-regulates pro-inflammatory mediators, causing a dramatic increase in serum PCT for another 12 to 24 hours.13

It can take nearly 24 hours of appropriate antibiotic therapy to see reduction in plasma PCT levels as the bacterial infection is controlled, which will be reflected in a decrease in PCT production and circulating concentrationsby up to 50% per day. However, if initial antibiotic therapy or source control is not adequate, bacteria will continue to stimulate PCT production and blood concentrations will remain high.14

During viral infections, PCT production is lessened by Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) that is released during the host response to the virus.14 Thus, PCT concentration will not rise in viral infections as it does in the presence of a bacterial infection.

The utility of PCT as a tool for assessing the risk of bacterial infection stems from its unique kinetics, triggered from the inflammatory response to a bacterial infection.

References

  1. Broyles, M.R. Impact of Procalcitonin-Guided Antibiotic Management on Antibiotic Exposure and Outcomes: Real-world Evidence, Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Volume 4, Issue 4, 1 October 2017, ofx213, https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx213. Accessed January 2025.
  2. Schuetz, P., M. Christ-Crain, R. Thomann, C. Falconnier, M. Wolbers et al. (September 2009). Effect of procalcitonin-based guidelines vs standard guidelines on antibiotic use in lower respiratory tract infections: the ProHOSP randomized controlled trial. JAMA 302(10):1059-1066 (doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1297). Accessed January 2025.
  3. Balk, A. et al. (January 2017). Procalcitonin Testing on Health-care Utilization and Costs in Critically Ill Patients in the United States. Chest 15(1):23-33. Available at: https:doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2016.06.046. Accessed January 2025.
  4. CDC Sepsis Website. Accessed January 2025.
  5. Hartman ME, et al. Trends in the Epidemiology of Pediatric Severe Sepsis. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2013;14(7):686-693. Accessed January 2025.
  6. Owens, et al. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Overview of Outcomes for Inpatient Stays Involving Sepsis 2016-2021, 2024. Accessed January 2025.
  7. Macfarlane, J., S.A. Lewis, R. Macfarlane and W. Holmes. (1997). Contemporary use of antibiotics in 1089 adults presenting with acute lower respiratory tract illness in general practice in the U.K. Respir Med 91(7):427–434. Accessed January 2025.
  8. Schuetz et al. 2018. Accessed January 2025.
  9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Core Elements of Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs. https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/healthcare/implementation/core-elements.html. Accessed January 2025.
  10. Thermo Scientific. A valuable tool for sepsis risk assessment and critical care management. Thermo Scientific Diagnostics website. http://diagnostics.thermofisher.com/content/dam/diagnostics/en/healthcare-providers/Documents/CDD/brahms-pct/PCT-Moses%20Brochure%20BRO6006B_E_US%2002-16T.pdf. Published February 2016. Accessed January 2025.
  11. Müller B., J.C. White, E.S. Nylén, R.H. Snider, K.L. Becker, and J.F. Habener. (2001). Ubiquitous expression of the calcitonin-I gene in multiple tissues in response to sepsis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86(1):396–404. Accessed January 2025.
  12. Becker, K.L., E.S. Nylén, J.C. White, B. Müller, and R.H. Snider Jr. (2004). Procalcitonin and the calcitonin gene family of peptides in inflammation, infection, and sepsis: a journey from calcitonin back to its precursors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89(4):1512–1525. Accessed January 2025.     
  13. Meisner, M. Procalcitonin (PCT): A new, innovative infection parameter: biochemical and clinical aspects. Stuttgart, Germany: Thieme Medical Publishers, 2000. Accessed January 2025.
  14. Samraj, R.S., B. Zingarelli, and H.R. Wong. (2013). Role of biomarkers in sepsis care. Shock 40(5): 358–365. Accessed January 2025.
  15. Elecsys BRAHMS PCT. 08828644190 2024-10 V3.0; 08828679190 2024-10 V4.0. Accessed January 2025.

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