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Prostate cancer

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Prostate cancer diagnostic solutions

Prostate cancer is a major public health concern. Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men, and their second leading cause of cancer death in the U.S.1 Approximately 1 in 8 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in his lifetime.2 Approximately 76% of prostate cancer cases are diagnosed in early stages (stage 1 and 2). The 5-year survival rate for all stages is 97.8%.2

We offer a wide menu of Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays to diagnose and subtype prostate cancer. Our portfolio of products delivers the high sensitivity and specificity you need.

Our antibodies are ready to use on the fully automated VENTANA BenchMark IHC/ISH staining platforms reducing the time-to-results and resources required with manual or semi-automated solutions.  We have a robust assay development program focusing on immunohistochemical staining, clinical reagents, cancer diagnostic assays, and much more.

Featured Assays

immunohistochemical staining with Basal Cell Cocktail 34ßE12 + p63
Normal basal cells in prostate tissue.

VENTANA Basal Cell Cocktail (34βE12 +p63)

VENTANA Basal Cell Cocktail is an antibody cocktail of anti-keratin (34βE12) and anti-p63 (4A4) mouse monoclonal antibodies. 34βE12 is a high molecular weight keratin with relative specificity for prostate basal cells. p63 is a myoepithelial marker, and may be used to assess for basal cells in prostate specimens. Used together, this antibody cocktail can help differentiate adenocarcinoma from other entities with reliable staining basal of cells.3,4

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Immunohistochemical staining of p504s (SP116) Rabbit Monoclonal Primary Antibody
Cytoplasmic staining pattern in prostate carcinoma.

anti-p504s (SP116) Rabbit Monoclonal Primary Antibody

anti-p504s (SP116) is a rabbit monoclonal antibody directed against the p504s enzyme (AMACR, alpha-methylacyl Co A racemase).  p504s is upregulated in prostate carcinoma and not found in benign prostate tissue.  p504s exhibits a granular, cytoplasmic staining pattern in malignant cells.4

When used as a dual stain in conjunction with basal cell markers, these facilitate the identification of adenocarcinoma when there are small foci, limited tissue for assessment, and an absence of basal cell staining.5,6

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Clinical reagents and assays include the p63 (4A4) Mouse Monoclonal Primary Antibody
Normal basal cells in prostate tissue.

VENTANA anti-p63 (4A4) Mouse Monoclonal Primary Antibody

VENTANA anti-p63 is a mouse monoclonal antibody directed against the p63 protein.  p63 protein is highly expressed in normal prostatic basal cells, while prostate cancer rarely expresses diffuse p63 staining in a non-basal cell distribution.7 Partial prostatic gland atrophy may have similar staining as carcinoma,8 and the VENTANA anti-p63 antibody may aid in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions.

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Clinical reagents and assays include the p63 (4A4) Mouse Monoclonal Primary Antibody
ERG positive staining in prostate carcinoma.

anti-ERG (EPR3864) Rabbit Monoclonal Primary Antibody

anti-ERG (EPR3864) is a rabbit monoclonal antibody intended for the immunohistochemical detection of truncated ERG resulting from the TMPRSS2-ERG, or other, gene rearrangements, and Wild-type ERG most notably expressed in vessel endothelium.

Antibody research has demonstrated that the TMPRSS2-ERG rearrangements occurs in approximately 50% of prostate cancer patients, does not occur in normal tissue, and describes a molecular subtype that is associated with androgen-driven prostate cancer. As this subtype is the most prevalent in prostate cancer, there has been tremendous diagnostic, prognostic and predictive interest in the ERG biomarker. 9,10,11

Many studies have also shown high concordance between FISH determined ERG gene rearrangement status and protein overexpression detected by ERG IHC.12

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ihc detection: NKX3.1 (EP356) Rabbit Monoclonal Primary Antibody
Tumor cell nuclei in prostate carcinoma stained with anti-NKX3.1.

NKX3.1 (EP356) Rabbit Monoclonal Primary Antibody

NKX3.1 (EP356) is a rabbit monoclonal antibody that is sensitive and specific for the detection of NKX3.1 protein and exhibits nuclear staining.

NKX3.1 can generally be used as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer and other metastatic lesions originating in the prostate demonstrating greater than 98% sensitivity and specificity. Reduction in NKX3.1 expression is commonly reported in human prostate carcinomas and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) due to allelic loss, promoter methylation and posttranscriptional silencing.13,14   Virtually all cases of urothelial carcinoma are negative for NKX3.1.14,15

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immunohistochemical staining with Basal Cell Cocktail 34ßE12 + p63
Prostate tissue stained with VENTANA PTEN (SP218) antibody.

VENTANA PTEN (SP218) Rabbit Monoclonal Primary Antibody

VENTANA PTEN (SP218) is a rabbit monoclonal antibody directed against the dual specificity protein phosphatase encoded by the tumor suppressor gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) at chromosome 10q23.3. PTEN mediated dephosphorylation is important because it results in inhibition of the Akt signaling pathway, which plays an important role in controlling cell survival and cell cycle progression.16

PTEN is one of the most commonly lost tumor suppressors in prostate cancer.16 Loss of cytoplasmic PTEN may distinguish intraductal prostatic carcinoma from high grade PIN.17

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References

  1. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology, Prostate Cancer Early Detection Version 1.2023-January 9, 2023.  https://www.nccn.org/guidelines Accessed 3/14/2023
  2. https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/prost.html Accessed 03/14/2023
  3. Zhou, M et al. Basal cell cocktail (34betaE12 + p63) improves the detection of prostate basal cells. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003 Mar;27(3):365-71.
  4. Jiang, J et al. Using an AMACR (P504S/34βE12/p63) Cocktail for the Detection of Small Focal Prostate Carcinoma in Needle Biopsy Specimens. Am J Clin Pathol 2005; 123:231-236.
  5. Epstein, JI. Diagnosis of limited adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Histopathology. 2012; 60:28-40.
  6. Ng, VW et al. Is Triple Immunostaining with 34βE12, p63, and Racemase in Prostate Cancer Advantageous? A Tissue Microarray Study. Am J Clin Pathol 2007; 127:248-253.
  7. Osunkoya, A et al.  Aberrant Diffuse Expression of p63 in Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate on Needle Biopsy and Radical Prostatectomy: Report of 21 Cases.  Am J Surg Pathol 2008;32:461
  8. Wang, W et al.  Partial Atrophy on Prostate Needle Biopsy Cores: A Morphologic and Immunohistochemical Study.  Am J Surg Pathol 2008;32:851
  9. Shah, RB et al. The diagnostic use of ERG in resolving an "atypical glands suspicious for cancer" diagnosis in prostate biopsies beyond that provided by basal cell and α-methylacyl-CoAracemase markers.  Human pathology. 2013; 44(5): 786-794.
  10. Weischenfeldt, et al. Integrative Genomic Analyses Reveal an Androgen-Driven Somatic Alternation Landscape in Early-Onset Prostate Cancer.  Cancer Cell. 2013; 23: 159-170.
  11. Park, K et al. Antibody-based detection of ERG rearrangement-positive prostate cancer. Neoplasia. 2010 July; 12(7): 590-8.
  12. anti-ERG (EPR3864) Rabbit Monoclonal Primary Antibody Method Sheet,  Rev F,  5/19/2022.
  13. Abate-Shen, C et al. Integrating differentiation and cancer: The Nkx3.1 homeobox gene in prostate organogenesis and carcinogenesis. Differentiation 2008 July; 76 (6): 717-727
  14. Gurel, B et al.  NKX3.1 as a marker of prostatic origin in metastatic tumors.  Am J Surg Pathol. 2010; 34: 1097-1105.
  15. Chuang A et al.  Immunohistochemical differentiation of high-grade prostate carcinoma from urothelial carcinoma.  Am J Surg Pathol. 2007; 31: 1246-55
  16. VENTANA PTEN (SP218) Rabbit Monoclonal Primary Antibody Method Sheet, Rev B,  8/31/2022.
  17. Lotan, T et al. Cytoplasmic PTEN protein loss distinguishes intraductal carcinoma of the prostate from high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia.  Mod Pathol 2013; 26: 587-603.
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